Veganism - Wikipedia. Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. Dietary vegans (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal- derived substances. At first he used it to mean . More vegan stores opened, and vegan options became increasingly available in supermarkets and restaurants in many countries. In Massachusetts Amos Bronson Alcott, father of the novelist Louisa May Alcott, opened the Temple School in 1. What is and where do I get and how do you fix neutrino all yeast? I am vegetarian for the most part but I.Fruitlands in 1. 84. The Vegetarian Society .. Wheldon's No Animal Food: Two Essays and 1. Recipes, was published in London in 1. There were regular discussions about it in the Vegetarian Messenger; it appears from the correspondence pages that many opponents of veganism came from within the vegetarian community. This lent support to the vegan position, although Gandhi himself drank goat's milk. This became the predominant view of the Vegetarian Society, which in 1. When the request was turned down, Donald Watson, secretary of the Leicester branch, set up a new quarterly newsletter in November 1. They suggested allvega, neo- vegetarian, dairyban, vitan, benevore, sanivores and beaumangeur. Those in attendance were Donald Watson, Elsie B. Henderson, Alfred Hy Haffenden, Paul Spencer and Bernard Drake, with Mme Pataleewa (Barbara Moore, a Russian- British engineer) observing. Henderson, and Aids to a Vegan Diet for Children by Kathleen V. In 1. 94. 7 Watson wrote: . Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society (AVS), linking veganism to the concept of ahimsa, . Mc. Dougall, Michael Greger and biochemist T. Colin Campbell, argued that diets based on animal fat and animal protein, such as the Western pattern diet, were detrimental to health. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease (1. Articles on veganism were viewed more during this period than articles on vegetarianism in the English, French, German, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish Wikipedias.! Food declared that it had become . According to the latter, 7. Dietary vegans might use animal products in clothing (as leather, wool, and silk), toiletries and similar. Vegans reject the commodification of animals. Some of these are chemical compounds that can be derived from animal products, plants, or petrochemicals. Allantoin, lactic acid, retinol and squalene, for example, can be vegan. These products and their origins are not always included in the list of ingredients. They avoid certain vaccines; the flu vaccine, for example, is usually grown in hens' eggs, although an effective alternative, Flublok, is widely available in the United States. Non- vegan items acquired before they became vegan might be donated to charity or used until worn out. Some vegan clothes, in particular leather alternatives, are made of petroleum- based products, which has triggered criticism because of the environmental damage involved in their production. Ethical vegans avoid them on the premise that their production causes animal suffering and premature death. In egg production, most male chicks are culled because they do not lay eggs. Female calves are separated from their mothers within 2. Male calves are slaughtered at birth, sent for veal production, or reared for beef. Tofu comes in a variety of textures, depending on water content, from firm, medium firm, and extra firm for stews and stir- fries; to soft or silken for salad dressings, desserts, and shakes. Soy is also eaten in the form of tempeh and texturized vegetable protein (TVP); also known as textured soy protein (TSP), the latter is often used in pasta sauces. Almond milk is lower in dietary energy, carbohydrates and protein. Babies who are not breastfed may be fed commercial infant formula, normally based on cows' milk or soy. The latter is known as soy- based infant formula or SBIF. The recommendation is three or more servings a day of fruit (one of them high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruit, melon or strawberries); two or more of protein- rich legumes (such as soybeans, which can be consumed as soy milk, tofu or tempeh); five or more of whole grains (corn, barley, rice and wheat in products such as bread or cereal); and four or more of vegetables. My. Plate is divided into five groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products (or calcium- fortified soymilk), and protein. The protein includes meat, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts and seeds. A raw vegan diet includes vegetables, fruits, nuts, grain and legume sprouts, seeds and sea vegetables. There are many variations of the diet, including fruitarianism. Vegans obtain all their protein from plants, omnivores usually a third, and ovo- lacto vegetarians half. Combinations that contain high amounts of all the essential amino acids include rice and beans, corn and beans, and hummus and whole- wheat pita. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anaemia and nerve damage. Vegetarians should thus take preventive measures to ensure adequate intake of this vitamin, including regular consumption of supplements containing B1. Four CA Regional Agritourism Summits in February & March. The University of California Small Farm Program and UC Cooperative Extension advisors in four California. Related Articles: GM Diet Day 3 Day 3, nearly half way through the GM Diet. Things should only get easier now. GM Diet Day 2 Like the first day of. You can have a cheat meal once per week yes. Definitely not a full day though if you want to get lean as fast as possible. This diet is more for the general. Check Out Our ULTIMATE Guide to Popular 7 Day GM Diet Plan! CLICK HERE to discover Tips, Tricks and Strategies for Losing Weight! Otto Warburg won the Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that cancer cells have a fundamentally different energy. The Pioneering Organization in Applied Global Business Ethics Welcome to the International Business Ethics Institute, the first organization dedica. The word "elephant" is based on the Latin elephas (genitive elephantis) ("elephant"), which is the Latinised form of the Greek Plants not washed properly may contain B1. Animals obtain it by eating contaminated plants, other animals, or their own faeces, and become sources of B1. The mouth is another source, but in small amounts and possibly analogue (not biologically active). Tempeh, a fermented soybean food, is cited as another source, perhaps because of contamination during production. Ninety- nine percent of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth. Plant sources include broccoli, turnip, bok choy and kale; the bioavailability of calcium in spinach is poor. The study found that vegans consuming at least 5. Without it bones can become thin and brittle; together with calcium it offers protection against osteoporosis. Vitamin D is produced in the body when ultraviolet rays from the sun hit the skin; outdoor exposure is needed because UVB radiation does not penetrate glass. It is present in salmon, tuna, mackerel and cod liver oil, with small amounts in cheese, egg yolks and beef liver, and in some mushrooms. People with little sun exposure may need supplements. The extent to which sun exposure is sufficient depends on the season, time of day, cloud and smog cover, skin melanin content, and whether sunscreen is worn. According to the National Institutes of Health, most people can obtain and store sufficient vitamin D from sunlight in the spring, summer and fall, even in the far north. They report that some researchers recommend 5. Tanning beds emitting 2. Cholecalciferol (D3) is synthesized in the skin after exposure to the sun, or consumed in the form of animal products; when produced industrially it is taken from lanolin in sheep's wool. Ergocalciferol (D2) is derived from ergosterol from UV- exposed mushrooms or yeast and is suitable for vegans. Conflicting studies have suggested that the two forms may or may not be bioequivalent. This is particularly true of anyone with hemochromatosis, a relatively common condition that can remain undiagnosed. Coffee and some herbal teas can inhibit iron absorption, as can spices that contain tannins (turmeric, coriander, chillies, and tamarind). The study concluded that there was no effect of vegan diets overall on all- cause mortality, cancer mortality, cerebrovascular disease or cardiovascular- disease- related mortality. The effects also disappeared when specific cancers were analysed. Vegans tend to be thinner, with lower serum cholesterol and lower blood pressure. Vegans might be at risk of low bone mineral density without supplements. They indicate that vegetarian diets may be more common among adolescents with eating disorders, but that its adoption may serve to camouflage a disorder rather than cause one. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council similarly recognizes a well- planned vegan diet as viable for any age. Attention should be given to nutrient intake, particularly protein, vitamins B1. D, essential fatty acids, iron, zinc and calcium. Animal ingredients are ubiquitous because they are cheap. After animals are slaughtered for meat, the leftovers are put through the rendering process, and some of that material, particularly the fat, ends up in toiletries. Common ingredients include tallow in soap, and collagen- derived glycerine, used as a lubricant and humectant in many haircare products, moisturizers, shaving foams, soaps and toothpastes. Stearic acid is a common ingredient in face creams, shaving foam and shampoos; as with glycerine, it can be plant- based but is usually animal- derived. Lactic acid, an alpha- hydroxy acid derived from animal milk, is used in moisturizers, as is allantoin, from the comfrey plant or cows' urine, in shampoos, moisturizers and toothpaste. The British Vegan Society's sunflower logo and PETA's bunny logo mean the product is certified vegan, which includes no animal testing. The leaping- bunny logo signals no animal testing, but it might not be vegan. Its website contains a list of certified products. Most leather clothing is made from cows' and calves' skins, but the skin of sheep, goats, horses and pigs is also used. Less common skins include those from kangaroos, elephants, zebras, seals, crocodile and deer. Vegans regard the purchase of leather, particularly from cows, as financial support for the meat industry. Manufacture of the petroleum- based materials is believed by some to be harmful to the environment. Divisions within animal rights theory include the utilitarian, protectionist approach, which pursues improved conditions for animals, and rights- based abolitionism, which seeks to end human ownership of non- humans. Abolitionists argue that protectionism serves only to make the public feel that animal use can be morally unproblematic (the . Elephant - Wikipedia. Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are recognised, the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. Elephants are scattered throughout sub- Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest extantterrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (1. All elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water, and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. Elephants' large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar- like legs can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs. Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts, and marshes. They prefer to stay near water. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their environments. Other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants while predators, such as lions, tigers, hyenas, and wild dogs, usually target only young elephants (or . The groups are led by an individual known as the matriarch, often the oldest cow. Elephants have a fission. Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate and enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth, which helps them gain dominance and reproductive success. Calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 7. They communicate by touch, sight, smell, and sound; elephants use infrasound. Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans. They appear to have self- awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind. African elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) while the Asian elephant is classed as endangered. One of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Other threats to wild elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people. Elephants are used as working animals in Asia. In the past, they were used in war; today, they are often controversially put on display in zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. Elephants are highly recognisable and have been featured in art, folklore, religion, literature, and popular culture. Etymology. The word . Their closest extant relatives are the sirenians (dugongs and manatees) and the hyraxes, with which they share the clade. Paenungulata within the superorder Afrotheria. African elephants have larger ears, a concave back, more wrinkled skin, a sloping abdomen, and two finger- like extensions at the tip of the trunk. Asian elephants have smaller ears, a convex or level back, smoother skin, a horizontal abdomen that occasionally sags in the middle and one extension at the tip of the trunk. The looped ridges on the molars are narrower in the Asian elephant while those of the African are more diamond- shaped. The Asian elephant also has dorsal bumps on its head and some patches of depigmentation on its skin. In 1. 79. 8, Georges Cuvier classified the Indian elephant under the binomial Elephas indicus. Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck described the Sumatran elephant in 1. Elephas sumatranus. English zoologist Frederick Nutter Chasen classified all three as subspecies of the Asian elephant in 1. The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) inhabits Sri Lanka, the Indian elephant (E. It has larger ears, a longer tail, and straighter tusks than the typical elephant. Sri Lankan zoologist Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala described it in 1. Elephas maximus borneensis, taking as his type an illustration in National Geographic. Results of a 2. 00. Cuvier spelled it Loxodonte and an anonymous author romanised the spelling to Loxodonta; the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature recognises this as the proper authority. The earliest proboscids, the African Eritherium and Phosphatherium of the late Paleocene, heralded the first radiation. These animals were relatively small and aquatic. Later on, genera such as Phiomia and Palaeomastodon arose; the latter likely inhabited forests and open woodlands. Proboscidean diversity declined during the Oligocene. The former were related to Barytherium, lived in Africa and Eurasia. Members of this group included Gomphotherium and Platybelodon. Loxodonta branched off earliest around the Miocene and Pliocene boundary while Mammuthus and Elephas diverged later during the early Pliocene. Loxodonta remained in Africa while Mammuthus and Elephas spread to Eurasia, and the former reached North America. At the same time, the stegodontids, another proboscidean group descended from gomphotheres, spread throughout Asia, including the Indian subcontinent, China, southeast Asia, and Japan. Mammutids continued to evolve into new species, such as the American mastodon. Only when Elephas disappeared from Africa did Loxodonta become dominant once again, this time in the form of the modern species. Elephas diversified into new species in Asia, such as E. Early proboscideans developed longer mandibles and smaller craniums while more advanced ones developed shorter mandibles, which shifted the head's centre of gravity. The skull grew larger, especially the cranium while the neck shortened to provide better support for the skull. The increase in size led to the development and elongation of the mobile trunk to provide reach. The number of premolars, incisors and canines decreased. Only in the last million year or so did they return to a diet mainly consisting of C3 trees and shrubs. Some proboscideans developed tusks from their lower incisors. Some DNA studies suggest Mammuthus is more closely related to the former. This occurred primarily during the Pleistocene when some elephant populations became isolated by fluctuating sea levels, although dwarf elephants did exist earlier in the Pliocene. These elephants likely grew smaller on islands due to a lack of large or viable predator populations and limited resources. By contrast, small mammals such as rodents develop gigantism in these conditions. Dwarf proboscideans are known to have lived in Indonesia, the Channel Islands of California, and several islands of the Mediterranean. Elephas falconeri of Malta and Sicily was only 1 m (3 ft) and had probably evolved from the straight- tusked elephant. Other descendants of the straight- tusked elephant existed in Cyprus. Dwarf elephants of uncertain descent lived in Crete, Cyclades, and Dodecanese while dwarf mammoths are known to have lived in Sardinia. This species reached a height of 1. A population of small woolly mammoths survived on Wrangel Island, now 1. Siberian coast, as recently as 4,0. African elephants stand 3. African elephants have 2. Asian elephants have 1. The back of the skull is flattened and spread out, creating arches that protect the brain in every direction. These cavities give the inside of the skull a honeycomb- like appearance. The cranium is particularly large and provides enough room for the attachment of muscles to support the entire head. The lower jaw is solid and heavy. A durable nictitating membrane protects the eye globe. The animal's field of vision is compromised by the location and limited mobility of the eyes. Like all mammals, an elephant can raise or lower its temperature a few degrees from the average in response to extreme environmental conditions. The ear flaps, or pinnae, contain numerous blood vessels called capillaries. Warm blood flows into the capillaries, helping to release excess body heat into the environment. This occurs when the pinnae are still, and the animal can enhance the effect by flapping them. Larger ear surfaces contain more capillaries, and more heat can be released. Of all the elephants, African bush elephants live in the hottest climates, and have the largest ear flaps. It contains up to 1. These paired muscles consist of two major types: superficial (surface) and internal. The former are divided into dorsals, ventrals, and laterals while the latter are divided into transverse and radiating muscles. The muscles of the trunk connect to a bony opening in the skull. The nasal septum is composed of tiny muscle units that stretch horizontally between the nostrils. Cartilage divides the nostrils at the base. The muscles work both with and against each other. A unique proboscis nerve . The Asian elephant has only one, and relies more on wrapping around a food item and squeezing it into its mouth. One elephant has been observed to graze by kneeling on its front legs, raising on its hind legs and taking in grass with its lips. Unlike most mammals, which grow baby teeth and then replace them with a single permanent set of adult teeth, elephants are polyphyodonts that have cycles of tooth rotation throughout their lives. The chewing teeth are replaced six times in a typical elephant's lifetime. Teeth are not replaced by new ones emerging from the jaws vertically as in most mammals. Instead, new teeth grow in at the back of the mouth and move forward to push out the old ones. The first chewing tooth on each side of the jaw falls out when the elephant is two to three years old. The second set of chewing teeth falls out when the elephant is four to six years old. The third set is lost at 9. The fifth set of teeth lasts until the elephant is in its early 4. The sixth (and usually final) set must last the elephant the rest of its life. Learn how to prepare, what you need to do and what to eat on the first day of the General Motors diet. It can be a difficult diet to follow especially since it relies mainly on foods that are high in fiber and less in protein, fat and carbohydrates. At the same time however, this diet plan can be used for fast- paced weight loss regimens, with up to 1. These fresh produce should contain no form of starch, potassium and starchy carbohydrates, such as bananas. This is because on the first day of this diet plan, the body is subject to detoxification. Only fruits and water can be consumed. Persons who are planning to start the GM diet may consume starchy foods such as potatoes, oats and bananas the day before their targeted week, so that they would be packed with enough energy to last for the next morning. They should also practice drinking lots of water, so that they will not be dehydrated in the succeeding days. Aside from preparing the body for the diet plan, physical activities should also be set into rather lighter tasks. Through exercise, the body system becomes resilient to the side effects of GM diet, and rather gives way for the detoxification and weight reduction results. Lunch may consist of watery fruits such as apples or watermelons. Lunch time is observed at 1. Consuming a bowl of apples or two cups of watermelons can already make the stomach full. Other fruits such as kiwi and mangoes can as well be served. Day 1 GM Diet Dinner Orange juice fills in the cravings for sweets, while coconut water keeps the stomach full the rest of the day. Midday meals still consist of fruits, but at varying kinds and servings, so followers can still maintain a good appetite during full meal times. Berries, oranges, and apple dices can be consumed during mid- mornings and afternoons. Sample GM Diet Day 1 Plan (8: 3. AM- 9: 0. 0 AM) 1 cup of diced apples and 1- 2 glasses of water Mid morning Snack (1. AM- 1. 1: 0. 0 AM) 1 bowl raw papaya and 1- 2 glasses of water Lunch (1. PM- 1: 3. 0 PM) 1 bowl of watermelon or muskmelon and 1- 2 glasses of water Afternoon Snack (4: 0. PM) 1 orange/sweet lime/chico fruit and 2 glasses of water Evening (6: 0. PM) 1 glass coconut water Dinner (8: 0. PM) 1 bowl of melon and 2 glasses of water
At the same time however, this diet plan can be used for fast- paced weight loss regimens, with up to 1. These fresh produce should contain no form of starch, potassium and starchy carbohydrates, such as bananas. This is because on the first day of this diet plan, the body is subject to detoxification. Only fruits and water can be consumed. Persons who are planning to start the GM diet may consume starchy foods such as potatoes, oats and bananas the day before their targeted week, so that they would be packed with enough energy to last for the next morning. They should also practice drinking lots of water, so that they will not be dehydrated in the succeeding days. Aside from preparing the body for the diet plan, physical activities should also be set into rather lighter tasks. Through exercise, the body system becomes resilient to the side effects of GM diet, and rather gives way for the detoxification and weight reduction results. The first important meal of the day in a GM diet regimen is breakfast. Followers may observe a full breakfast consisting mainly of fruits such as melons and papaya together with 1- 2 glasses of water. These fruits easily make the stomach full, and at the same time the sweet tooth satisfied, thus craving for more tempting meals such as pizza and pasta can be avoided. Lunch time is observed at 1. Consuming a bowl of apples or two cups of watermelons can already make the stomach full. Other fruits such as kiwi and mangoes can as well be served. While the main beverage allowed for the Day 1 of GM diet is water, followers may also turn to fresh orange juice and coconut water during midday snacks. Orange juice fills in the cravings for sweets, while coconut water keeps the stomach full the rest of the day. Midday meals still consist of fruits, but at varying kinds and servings, so followers can still maintain a good appetite during full meal times. Berries, oranges, and apple dices can be consumed during mid- mornings and afternoons. (8: 3. AM- 9: 0. 0 AM)
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